Country Species Summary

Sargocentron violaceum in Indonesia
Violet squirrelfish

Sargocentron violaceum (Bleeker, 1853)
Family:	Holocentridae (Squirrelfishes, soldierfishes) , subfamily: Holocentrinae	picture (Savio_u0.jpg) by Trevor, M.
Order:	Beryciformes (sawbellies)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Violet squirrelfish
Max. size:	45.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 8631)
Environment:	reef-associated ; depth range 1 - 30 m
Climate:	tropical; 30°N - 24°S
Global Importance:
Resilience:	High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)
Distribution:	Indo-Pacific: Aldabra and the Laccadive Islands (Ref. 4201) to the Society Islands (Ref. 9710), north to Ryukyu Islands, south to the southern Great Barrier Reef; Palau to the eastern Caroline and Marshall Islands in Micronesia.
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 11-11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12-15; Anal spines: 4-4; Anal soft rays: 9-9. Body color brownish to purplish red; head primarily red; upper part of opercular membrane blackish; each scale with vertical silvery white line. Four to five oblique scale rows on cheek; body depth 2.3-2.7 in SL; head length (HL) 2.4-2.85 in SL; snout length 3.75-4.35 in HL; maxilla extending posteriorly from below front of pupil to below center of the eye, upper jaw length 2.7-2.85 in HL; premaxillary groove about a vertical at front edge of orbit; anterior end of nasal bone with 2 diverging spines; medial margin of nasal bone spineless (however, a Seychelles specimen 20.6 cm has one small spinule on the edge); 1-3 spinules on anterior and posterior margins of nasal fossa; suborbital bones' upper edge smooth anteriorly, becoming slightly serrate posteriorly (serrae as recumbent spinules); adults' preopercular spines long, 2.85-3.8 in HL (at least equal to orbit diameter). 2 opercular spines with the lower nearly as long or equal to the upper spine; 4th dorsal spine longest, .5-2.95 in HL; membranes of spinous dorsal fin not incised; 3rd anal spine 1.5-1.7 in HL (Ref. 27370). Has a high body similar to S. spiniferum, but differs in coloration and does not get as large.
Biology:	Uncommon in atoll reef flats, lagoon patch reefs, and steep outer reef slopes. Solitary and secretive species, occasionally seen in small crevices in clear water habitats (Ref. 48635). Strictly nocturnal, feeds mainly on benthic crabs and shrimps. Spine of preopercle is venomous
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	venomous , Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene. 1990
Coordinator:	Randall, John E.
Main Ref:	Randall, J.E.. 1998. (Ref. 27370)
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Indonesia country information
Common names:	Red-faced squirrelfish	Ref: Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka, 2001
Status:	native	Ref:
Salinity:	marine
Regulations:	no regulations	Ref:
Uses:	no uses
Comments:	Type locality, Ambon (Ref. 48635). Known from Flores (Ref. 8631). Also recorded from Raja Ampat Islands and Togean and Banggai Islands; with an Indonesian distribution from Papua to Sumatra (Ref. 47567). Museum: Irian Jaya, Waigiu (Waigeo), FMNH 23371. Molucca Is., Ambon, BMNH 1880.4.21.16; RMNH 5432 (holotype of Holocentrum violaceum); USNM 210517. Banda Is., USNM 288319. Kabaena I., USNM 288277. Mentawai Is., Pulo Siburu, FMNH 86916 (Ref. 27370).
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/id.html
Occurrences:	Occurrences Point map
Main Ref:	Kuiter, R.H., 1992
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Checked: Capuli, Estelita Emily

Modified: Santos, Kristine

Entered: Capuli, Estelita Emily

Taipei, Taiwan

Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07

	Ref.:		Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)		(e.g. cephalopods)
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