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Scarus niger in Indonesia
Dusky parrotfish

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Scarus niger   Forsskål, 1775
Family:	Scaridae (Parrotfishes) , subfamily: Scarinae			picture (Scnig_u2.jpg) by Cook, D.C.
Order:	Perciformes  (perch-likes)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Dusky parrotfish
Max. size:	40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 5490)
Environment:	reef-associated ; depth range 0 - 15 m
Climate:	tropical; 30°N - 27°S
Global Importance:	fisheries: commercial; aquarium: commercial
Resilience:	High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.37-0.72)
Distribution:	Indo-Pacific: Red Sea south to Sodwana Bay, South Africa (Ref. 5490) and east to the Society Islands, north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to Shark Bay, Western Australia and the southern Great Barrier Reef.
Diagnosis:	Dorsal spines (total): 9-9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10-10; Anal spines: 3-3; Anal soft rays: 9-9. The western Pacific population is monochromatic, but the western Indian Ocean population has a distinctive reddish primary phase. Juveniles recognized by the twin black spots on the tail (Ref. 48636).
Biology:	Inhabits coral-rich areas of clear lagoons, channels, and outer reef slopes (Ref. 9710). Generally solitary (Ref. 1602). Juveniles in small groups on algae and coral reefs inshore (Ref. 48636). Feeds on benthic algae (Ref. 30573). Males maintain small harems and pair spawn (Ref. 1602)
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List  , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	harmless
Coordinator:	Westneat, Mark
Main Ref:	Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene. 1990. (Ref. 2334)
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Indonesia country information
Common names:	Dusky parrotfish, Kakatua		Ref:  Schuster, W.H. and R. Djajadiredja, 1952
Status:	native		Ref:  Kunzmann, A., J.E. Randall and I. Suprihanto, 1998
Salinity:	marine
Uses:	no uses
Comments:	Known from Mentawai Islands (Ref. 27157). Also recorded from Raja Ampat Islands, Bali, Maumere Bay, Komodo, Manado and vicinity, Sangalakki Island, Togean and Banggai Islands and Pulau Weh; with an Indonesian distribution from Papua to Sumatra (Ref. 47567).
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/id.html
Occurrences:	Occurrences    Point map
Main Ref:	Myers, R.F., 1991
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More information:	Countries FAO areas Occurrences Introductions Ecosystem Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Predators Ciguatera Fish loss Common names Synonyms Pictures Sounds Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg dev. Larvae Larval dynamics References Growth L-W relationship L-L relationship Length frequencies Recruitment Max. age & size Metabolism Morphology Morphometrics Gill area Brains Vision Collaborators Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Strains Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Diseases Ecotoxicology Processing Speed Swim. type Stamps
	Note: No data are available if label is black .
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Internet sources:	BiOSC Point Data | CISTI | GMAD | Google | GOBASE | GenBank ( genome, nucleotide ) | National databases | PubMed | Recipes | Scirus | Public aquariums | Tree of Life | Zoological Record Check for FishWatcher | Check for other web sites | Check for Fish Forum |
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	Checked:  Capuli, Estelita Emily	Modified:  Santos, Kristine	Entered:  Capuli, Estelita Emily

	Ref.:				Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)				(e.g. cephalopods)
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Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07