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Synanceia horrida in Indonesia
Estuarine stonefish

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Synanceia horrida   (Linnaeus, 1766)
Family:	Synanceiidae (Stonefishes) , subfamily: Synanceiinae			picture (Syhor_u2.jpg) by Dubosc, J.
Order:	Scorpaeniformes  (scorpionfishes and flatheads)
Class:	Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
FishBase name:	Estuarine stonefish
Max. size:	60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 4690)
Environment:	reef-associated
Climate:	tropical
Global Importance:	aquarium: public aquariums
Resilience:
Distribution:	Indo-West Pacific: India to China, Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Australia. Reported from Vanuatu (Ref. 13300).
Diagnosis:	A drab species, usually brownish grey to reddish brown with a pattern of fine lines across the caudal fin. Eyes well elevated compared to the reef stonefish S. verrucosa (Ref. 48635).
Biology:	Inhabits coastal reefs and estuaries (Ref. 9710). Makes a shallow depression by scooping up sand or mud with its pectoral fins until it is piled up around the sides of its body. Lies motionless on sandy bottom areas. Comes out at night and often moves on top of reefs (Ref. 48635). In Guinness Book of Records as most venomous fish (Ref. 6472)
Threatened:	Not Evaluated, see IUCN Red List  , (Ref. 36508)
Dangerous:	venomous , Halstead, B.W.. 1980
Coordinator:
Main Ref:	Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene. 1990. (Ref. 2334)
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Indonesia country information
Common names:	Lepu tembaga, Ceramanai, Estuary stonefish, Tapoi		Ref:  Schuster, W.H. and R. Djajadiredja, 1952
Status:	native		Ref:
Salinity:	marine
Regulations:	no regulations		Ref:
Uses:	no uses
Comments:	Recorded from Raja Ampat Islands, Maumere Bay and Pulau Bintan; with an Indonesian distribution from Papua to Sumatra (Ref. 47567).
Country Information:	www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/id.html
Occurrences:	Occurrences    Point map
Main Ref:	Kuiter, R.H. and T. Tonozuka, 2001
Update

More information:	Countries FAO areas Occurrences Introductions Ecosystem Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Predators Ciguatera Fish loss Common names Synonyms Pictures Sounds Reproduction Maturity Spawning Eggs Egg dev. Larvae Larval dynamics References Growth L-W relationship L-L relationship Length frequencies Recruitment Max. age & size Metabolism Morphology Morphometrics Gill area Brains Vision Collaborators Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Strains Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Diseases Ecotoxicology Processing Speed Swim. type Stamps
	Note: No data are available if label is black .
Tools:	Biogeographic modelling | E-book | Field guide | Identification keys | Length-frequency Wizard | Life-history tool | Point map |
Internet sources:	BiOSC Point Data | CISTI | Google | GOBASE | GenBank ( genome, nucleotide ) | PubMed | Scirus | Tree of Life | Zoological Record Check for FishWatcher | Check for other web sites | Check for Fish Forum |
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	Entered:  Santos, Kristine

	Ref.:				Glossary
		(e.g. 9948)				(e.g. cephalopods)
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Page created by: Eli, 20.10.03, last modified by Eli, 26.06.07